hazop

A safety analysis is a structured way of looking at a system to find out what could go wrong, how bad it would be, and what needs to be done about it. It starts with understanding the system, then works through finding hazards, judging their risk, adding protections, checking the protections work, and writing everything down. The goal is to catch problems before they happen, rather than reacting to them after an accident. Some of the most common safety analyses are HARA FMEA

HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) was originally developed for the chemical process industry, where facilities routinely handle hazardous materials. In such environments, even small malfunctions in manufacturing processes can lead to serious safety incidents. The methodology was first developed in 1961 as a structured way to systematically identify hazards and operability issues in complex industrial processes. Over time, the approach matured and was formally standardized